Versión actual: 1.6 (código de examen 010-160)

Nota: La versión 1,5 se ha depreciado en octubre 28, 2018. Todavia esta disponible .Hasta julio 1, 2019.

La versión 1.5 (código de examen 010-500) estará disponible hasta J 1, 2019 en los siguientes idiomas: inglés, alemán. El examen se puede escribir en los siguientes idiomas solo en los exámenes basados ​​en papel: portugués (brasileño), italiano, español (moderno), chino (simplificado), chino (tradicional)

Comparativa versiones 1.5 y 1.6

Requisitos previos: No hay requisitos previos para esta certificación

Requisitos: Aprobar el examen Linux Essentials 010-160

Período de validez: Toda la vida

Idiomas: Inglés, alemán, japonés. Spring 2019 publicará los siguientes idiomas: italiano, español, francés, portugués (brasileño), holandés, chino (simplificado), chino (tradicional)

Para recibir el certificado de Linux Essentials, el candidato debe:

  • tener una comprensión de la industria de Linux y de código abierto y conocimiento de las aplicaciones de código abierto más populares;
  • comprender los principales componentes del sistema operativo Linux, y tener la competencia técnica para trabajar en la línea de comandos de Linux; y
  • tener una comprensión básica de los temas relacionados con la seguridad y la administración, como la administración del usuario / grupo, trabajar en la línea de comando y los permisos.

Objetivos versión 1.6 (código de examen 010-160):

Topic 1: The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source

1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems

Weight: 2

Description: Knowledge of Linux development and major distributions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Distributions
  • Embedded Systems
  • Linux in the Cloud

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • Debian, Ubuntu (LTS)
  • CentOS, openSUSE, Red Hat, SUSE
  • Linux Mint, Scientific Linux
  • Raspberry Pi, Raspbian
  • Android

1.2 Major Open Source Applications

Weight: 2

Description: Awareness of major applications as well as their uses and development.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Desktop applications
  • Server applications
  • Development languages
  • Package management tools and repositories

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox, GIMP
  • Nextcloud, ownCloud
  • Apache HTTPD, NGINX, MariaDB, MySQL, NFS, Samba
  • C, Java, JavaScript, Perl, shell, Python, PHP
  • dpkg, apt-get, rpm, yum

1.3 Open Source Software and Licensing

Weight: 1

Description: Open communities and licensing Open Source Software for business.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Open source philosophy
  • Open source licensing
  • Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI)

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • Copyleft, Permissive
  • GPL, BSD, Creative Commons
  • Free Software, Open Source Software, FOSS, FLOSS
  • Open source business models

1.4 ICT Skills and Working in Linux

Weight: 2

Description: Basic Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills and working in Linux.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Desktop skills
  • Getting to the command line
  • Industry uses of Linux, cloud computing and virtualization

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • Using a browser, privacy concerns, configuration options, searching the web and saving content
  • Terminal and console
  • Password issues
  • Privacy issues and tools
  • Use of common open source applications in presentations and projects

Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System

2.1 Command Line Basics

Weight: 3

Description: Basics of using the Linux command line.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Basic shell
  • Command line syntax
  • Variables
  • Quoting

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • Bash
  • echo
  • history
  • PATH environment variable
  • export
  • type

2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help

Weight: 2

Description: Running help commands and navigation of the various help systems.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Man pages
  • Info pages

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • man
  • info
  • /usr/share/doc/
  • locate

2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files

Weight: 2

Description: Navigation of home and system directories and listing files in various locations.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Files, directories
  • Hidden files and directories
  • Home directories
  • Absolute and relative paths

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • Common options for ls
  • Recursive listings
  • cd
  • . and ..
  • home and ~

2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files

Weight: 2

Description: Create, move and delete files and directories under the home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Files and directories
  • Case sensitivity
  • Simple globbing

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • mv, cp, rm, touch
  • mkdir, rmdir

Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line

3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line

Weight:  2

Description: Archiving files in the user home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Files, directories
  • Archives, compression

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • tar
  • Common tar options
  • gzip, bzip2, xz
  • zip, unzip

3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files

Weight: 3

Description: Search and extract data from files in the home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Command line pipes
  • I/O redirection
  • Basic Regular Expressions using ., [ ], *, and ?

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • grep
  • less
  • cat, head, tail
  • sort
  • cut
  • wc

3.3 Turning Commands into a Script

Weight: 4

Description: Turning repetitive commands into simple scripts.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Basic shell scripting
  • Awareness of common text editors (vi and nano)

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • #! (shebang)
  • /bin/bash
  • Variables
  • Arguments
  • for loops
  • echo
  • Exit status

Topic 4: The Linux Operating System

4.1 Choosing an Operating System

Weight: 1

Description: Knowledge of major operating systems and Linux distributions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Differences between Windows, OS X and Linux
  • Distribution life cycle management

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • GUI versus command line, desktop configuration
  • Maintenance cycles, beta and stable

4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware

Weight: 2

Description: Familiarity with the components that go into building desktop and server computers.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Hardware

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • Motherboards, processors, power supplies, optical drives, peripherals
  • Hard drives, solid state disks and partitions, /dev/sd*
  • Drivers

 

4.3 Where Data is Stored 

Weight: 3

Description: Where various types of information are stored on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Programs and configuration
  • Processes
  • Memory addresses
  • System messaging
  • Logging

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • ps, top, free
  • syslog, dmesg
  • /etc/, /var/log/
  • /boot/, /proc/, /dev/, /sys/

 

4.4 Your Computer on the Network

Weight: 2

Description: Querying vital networking configuration and determining the basic requirements for a computer on a Local Area Network (LAN).

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Internet, network, routers
  • Querying DNS client configuration
  • Querying network configuration

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • route, ip route show
  • ifconfig, ip addr show
  • netstat, ss
  • /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hosts
  • IPv4, IPv6
  • ping
  • host

Topic 5: Security and File Permissions

5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types

Weight: 2

Description: Various types of users on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Root and standard users
  • System users

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group
  • id, last, who, w
  • sudo, su

5.2 Creating Users and Groups

Weight: 2

Description: Creating users and groups on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • User and group commands
  • User IDs

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/skel/
  • useradd, groupadd
  • passwd

5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership

Weight: 2

Description: Understanding and manipulating file permissions and ownership settings.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • File and directory permissions and ownership

La siguiente es una lista parcial de los archivos, términos y utilidades utilizados:

  • ls -l, ls -a
  • chmod, chown

5.4 Special Directories and Files

Weight: 1

Description: Special directories and files on a Linux system including special permissions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Using temporary files and directories
  • Symbolic links

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • /tmp/, /var/tmp/ and Sticky Bit
  • ls -d
  • ln -s