Versión actual: 1.6 (código de examen 010-160)
Nota: La versión 1,5 se ha depreciado en octubre 28, 2018. Todavia esta disponible .Hasta julio 1, 2019.
La versión 1.5 (código de examen 010-500) estará disponible hasta J 1, 2019 en los siguientes idiomas: inglés, alemán. El examen se puede escribir en los siguientes idiomas solo en los exámenes basados en papel: portugués (brasileño), italiano, español (moderno), chino (simplificado), chino (tradicional)
Comparativa versiones 1.5 y 1.6
Requisitos previos: No hay requisitos previos para esta certificación
Requisitos: Aprobar el examen Linux Essentials 010-160
Período de validez: Toda la vida
Idiomas: Inglés, alemán, japonés. Spring 2019 publicará los siguientes idiomas: italiano, español, francés, portugués (brasileño), holandés, chino (simplificado), chino (tradicional)
Para recibir el certificado de Linux Essentials, el candidato debe:
- tener una comprensión de la industria de Linux y de código abierto y conocimiento de las aplicaciones de código abierto más populares;
- comprender los principales componentes del sistema operativo Linux, y tener la competencia técnica para trabajar en la línea de comandos de Linux; y
- tener una comprensión básica de los temas relacionados con la seguridad y la administración, como la administración del usuario / grupo, trabajar en la línea de comando y los permisos.
Objetivos versión 1.6 (código de examen 010-160):
Topic 1: The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source
1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems
Weight: 2
Description: Knowledge of Linux development and major distributions.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Distributions
- Embedded Systems
- Linux in the Cloud
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- Debian, Ubuntu (LTS)
- CentOS, openSUSE, Red Hat, SUSE
- Linux Mint, Scientific Linux
- Raspberry Pi, Raspbian
- Android
1.2 Major Open Source Applications
Weight: 2
Description: Awareness of major applications as well as their uses and development.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Desktop applications
- Server applications
- Development languages
- Package management tools and repositories
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox, GIMP
- Nextcloud, ownCloud
- Apache HTTPD, NGINX, MariaDB, MySQL, NFS, Samba
- C, Java, JavaScript, Perl, shell, Python, PHP
- dpkg, apt-get, rpm, yum
1.3 Open Source Software and Licensing
Weight: 1
Description: Open communities and licensing Open Source Software for business.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Open source philosophy
- Open source licensing
- Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI)
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- Copyleft, Permissive
- GPL, BSD, Creative Commons
- Free Software, Open Source Software, FOSS, FLOSS
- Open source business models
1.4 ICT Skills and Working in Linux
Weight: 2
Description: Basic Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills and working in Linux.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Desktop skills
- Getting to the command line
- Industry uses of Linux, cloud computing and virtualization
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- Using a browser, privacy concerns, configuration options, searching the web and saving content
- Terminal and console
- Password issues
- Privacy issues and tools
- Use of common open source applications in presentations and projects
Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System
2.1 Command Line Basics
Weight: 3
Description: Basics of using the Linux command line.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Basic shell
- Command line syntax
- Variables
- Quoting
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- Bash
- echo
- history
- PATH environment variable
- export
- type
2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help
Weight: 2
Description: Running help commands and navigation of the various help systems.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Man pages
- Info pages
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- man
- info
- /usr/share/doc/
- locate
2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files
Weight: 2
Description: Navigation of home and system directories and listing files in various locations.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Files, directories
- Hidden files and directories
- Home directories
- Absolute and relative paths
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- Common options for ls
- Recursive listings
- cd
- . and ..
- home and ~
2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files
Weight: 2
Description: Create, move and delete files and directories under the home directory.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Files and directories
- Case sensitivity
- Simple globbing
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- mv, cp, rm, touch
- mkdir, rmdir
Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line
3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line
Weight: 2
Description: Archiving files in the user home directory.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Files, directories
- Archives, compression
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- tar
- Common tar options
- gzip, bzip2, xz
- zip, unzip
3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files
Weight: 3
Description: Search and extract data from files in the home directory.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Command line pipes
- I/O redirection
- Basic Regular Expressions using ., [ ], *, and ?
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- grep
- less
- cat, head, tail
- sort
- cut
- wc
3.3 Turning Commands into a Script
Weight: 4
Description: Turning repetitive commands into simple scripts.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Basic shell scripting
- Awareness of common text editors (vi and nano)
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- #! (shebang)
- /bin/bash
- Variables
- Arguments
- for loops
- echo
- Exit status
Topic 4: The Linux Operating System
4.1 Choosing an Operating System
Weight: 1
Description: Knowledge of major operating systems and Linux distributions.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Differences between Windows, OS X and Linux
- Distribution life cycle management
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- GUI versus command line, desktop configuration
- Maintenance cycles, beta and stable
4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware
Weight: 2
Description: Familiarity with the components that go into building desktop and server computers.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Hardware
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- Motherboards, processors, power supplies, optical drives, peripherals
- Hard drives, solid state disks and partitions, /dev/sd*
- Drivers
4.3 Where Data is Stored
Weight: 3
Description: Where various types of information are stored on a Linux system.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Programs and configuration
- Processes
- Memory addresses
- System messaging
- Logging
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- ps, top, free
- syslog, dmesg
- /etc/, /var/log/
- /boot/, /proc/, /dev/, /sys/
4.4 Your Computer on the Network
Weight: 2
Description: Querying vital networking configuration and determining the basic requirements for a computer on a Local Area Network (LAN).
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Internet, network, routers
- Querying DNS client configuration
- Querying network configuration
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- route, ip route show
- ifconfig, ip addr show
- netstat, ss
- /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hosts
- IPv4, IPv6
- ping
- host
Topic 5: Security and File Permissions
5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types
Weight: 2
Description: Various types of users on a Linux system.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Root and standard users
- System users
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group
- id, last, who, w
- sudo, su
5.2 Creating Users and Groups
Weight: 2
Description: Creating users and groups on a Linux system.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- User and group commands
- User IDs
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/skel/
- useradd, groupadd
- passwd
5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership
Weight: 2
Description: Understanding and manipulating file permissions and ownership settings.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- File and directory permissions and ownership
La siguiente es una lista parcial de los archivos, términos y utilidades utilizados:
- ls -l, ls -a
- chmod, chown
5.4 Special Directories and Files
Weight: 1
Description: Special directories and files on a Linux system including special permissions.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Using temporary files and directories
- Symbolic links
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /tmp/, /var/tmp/ and Sticky Bit
- ls -d
- ln -s